Top Universities in Australia for International students View All

Australian National University

Australian National University (ANU) has maintained its standing as one of the best institutions in the world and is now ranked as Australia's top university. In addition to its rankings, ANU takes great pride in its stellar track record in graduate emplo

The University of Melbourne

The University of Melbourne is a member of the Group of Eight, one of the six sandstone institutions in Australia, of the Association of Pacific Rim Universities, and of the McDonnell International Scholars Academy at Washington University. According to t

CQ University

The Times Higher Education World Rankings include CQ University among the top 800 universities in the world, while the QS World University Rankings list it among the top 650. With five stars for full-time employment, starting pay, postgraduate starting sa

Torrens University

Built on the shoulders of giants, Torrens University is Australia's first international university and licenced vocational training institution. In order to provide a new, contemporary, and international viewpoint for higher education, Torrens has collabo

Charles Darwin University

According to the Times Higher Education Institution Impact Rankings 2021, Charles Darwin University is the second-best Australian university for graduate employment outcomes and among the top 100 universities in the world for quality education. The purpos

Monash University

Just two of the many reasons Monash University continuously ranks among the top 100 institutions in the world are the high calibre of instruction and outstanding facilities. The highest academic standards, career-focused degrees, and impactful research ar

The University of Western Australia

A prominent university on a global scale is the University of Western Australia (UWA). One of just two Australians that are members of the World Universities Network. International students can choose from close to 300 undergraduate and graduate programm

University of South Australia

The University of South Australia (UniSA), which is nimble and astute and renowned for relevance, equality, and excellence, is Australia's University of Enterprise in the international arena. With 100 per cent of evaluated research rated at or above world

University of Wollongong

The University of Wollongong has served as a worldwide leader and assisted its students in learning strategies that have helped them alter both their own lives and the lives of others around them. The top contemporary institutions and schools in the world

University of Canberra

The University of Canberra is considered one of the best institutions for tertiary education and cutting-edge research. Because of the tremendous academic opportunities, it offers its students, the University of Canberra consistently ranks among the best

Victoria University

One of Australia's few dual-sector institutions, Victoria University (VU) enrols nearly 40,000 students in both higher education and vocational education and training. According to the 2020 QILT Employer Satisfaction Survey, VU is the most employable inst

Macquarie University

With a degree recognised and acknowledged worldwide, Macquarie University is among the top 2% of institutions in the world. Macquarie University produces graduates who are among the most sought-after professionals in the world because of its 5-star QS rat

University of Adelaide

The University of Adelaide is ranked first in South Australia for graduate employability and among the top 1% of universities globally. The University of Adelaide provides one of Australia's top-quality learning environments as a member of the famous Grou

Queensland University of Technology

A prominent public institution that prioritises real-world learning and practical knowledge is the Queensland University of Technology. QUT is rated 657th globally and 27th in Australia. The institution offers a wide range of hands-on learning opportuniti

Western Sydney University

Due to the outstanding academic opportunities it offers its students, Western Sydney University consistently ranks among the best universities in the world. There is ample proof of Western Sydney University's dedication to providing its students with a cl

Deakin University

One of the top universities in Australia and one of the top 1% of universities globally is Deakin University. The individualised education that Deakin provides its students is strengthened by the university's top-notch courses. The academic team at Deakin

Curtin University

U.S. News & World Report's Best Global Universities Rankings placed Curtin University 10th nationally and 174th overall in 2020. The university was included among the top 201-300 global universities in the 2020 Academic Ranking of World Universities. Over

Griffith University

Griffith University has ranked in the top 2% of universities worldwide as well as boasts Australia’s most awarded teachers along with 6 campuses, including a digital campus, 200,000 alumni across 130 nationalities, 200+ degrees and 600+ scholarships with

La Trobe University

La Trobe University is included among the top 400 universities in the world by all three of the main independent rating organizations. Additionally, it received rankings of #52 in the 2019 Golden Age Rankings and #73 in the Times Higher Education World Un

Kaplan Business School

Small class sizes at Kaplan University enable knowledgeable professors to provide students with the help they need. More students rank Kaplan's student services highly than any other Australian public university. By integrating students from more than 80

University of Tasmania

The University of Tasmania is a 130-year-old sandstone institution of higher learning that is a member of both the Association of Southeast Asian Institutions of Higher Learning and the International Association of Commonwealth Universities. In order to g

University of Technology, Sydney

With award-winning structures, state-of-the-art amenities, and environmentally responsible architecture, the University of Technology Sydney (UTS) is a vibrant campus of the future. The greatest aspects of online and in-person learning are combined in UTS

Swinburne University of Technology

One of the top art and design universities in the world, Swinburne University of Technology was ranked 19th in Australia and in the top 100 worldwide in the 2022 QS World University Rankings. Swinburne has a graduate employability rate of 93%, according t

Melbourne Institute of Technology

Leading private higher education institution Melbourne Institute of Technology is situated in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It is regarded as a specialised provider of business, information technology, and engineering courses. Tertiary Education Quality

University of Southern Queensland

The University of Southern Queensland is the top university in Queensland. It provides a range of courses at different levels of study that are recognised to be specialised degree programmes. It provides 40-hour mini-courses with four weeks of online inst

Australian Catholic University

Australian Catholic University (ACU) is ranked in the top two per cent of universities worldwide by a number of international ranking organisations. Additionally, it is among the top 10 Catholic colleges worldwide. Its goal is to continue to be committed

The University of Newcastle

The University of New Castle (UON) has been classified as one of the top 200 universities in the world by the QS World University Ranking 2022. Additionally, according to the QS World University Ranking by Subject 2021, 15 of UON's disciplines were among

Charles Sturt University

The greatest graduate employment rate in Australia is at Charles Sturt University. More than 84.6% of graduates find full-time employment within four months after their graduation. In full-time work, three years after graduation, 93.9% of Charles Sturt Un

James Cook University - Australia

The Academic Ranking of World Universities has continuously placed James Cook University (JCU) among the top 400 universities since 2010. (ARWU). According to the Times Higher Education (THE) Best Young Universities in the World rankings for students 50 a

Southern Cross University

Southern Cross University is rated 101–110th for 2019 in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings. In order to help students fulfil their potential, Southern Cross University creates a dynamic atmosphere for teaching, learning, research, and c

Asia Pacific International College

Offering undergraduate and graduate degree programmes, Asia Pacific International College (APIC) is a vibrant Australian higher education institution with two campuses in Australia. Courses offered by API are approved by the Tertiary Education Quality and

Bond University

For the 12th straight year, Bond University achieved more 5-star ratings than any other Australian university in the student experience category, according to the 2018 edition of the Good Universities Guide. Education, in the opinion of Bond University, s

International College of Management, Sydney

The International College of Management, Sydney (ICMS) has expanded to three campuses and more than 2000 students from over 50 different nations since it was founded as a specialist management college in 1996. seeking degrees in a range of subjects. With

Post Admission Experience

Visa Options

The Student Visa, Subclass 500

Cost - $630 AUD

Type - 1

The Student Visa, Subclass 500 allows you to live, work and study in Australia for a maximum of five years in line with your course. On this visa, you are normally allowed to work a maximum of 40 hours per fortnight during term time and unlimited hours du

Cost of Living

Low

High

Monthly Living Expenses

Rent
360-860 AUD

Food
140-280 AUD per week

Transport
80-150 AUD

Miscellaneous
120-180 AUD

About Australia

Australia is the largest country in Oceania and the sixth-largest country in the world by total area. It is situated in the southern hemisphere and is made up of the Australian continent's mainland, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands. The smallest of the seven classic continents is Australia. Canberra serves as Australia's capital, while Sydney is its largest metropolis. Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth, and Adelaide are some of the other significant metropolises in the nation. In addition to having the 14th-largest economy in the world and the tenth-highest per capita income, Australia is a highly developed and urbanised nation. It is tremendously geographically varied, encompassing vast deserts, tropical and temperate forests, grasslands, heathlands, and woods, as well as the snow-capped mountains of the Australian Alps and Tasmania.

Due to its vast size, Australia has a diverse range of climates, with the majority of the country being desert or semi-arid, the south-east and south-west regions enjoying a temperate climate, and the northern region of the country, which is surrounded by grasslands and desert, having a tropical climate. The nation also has beautiful landscapes that are abundant in colour, culture, and natural beauty, which enables students who want to study in Australia to enjoy unforgettable experiences and satisfy their desire while pursuing their study abroad journey in Australia.

In addition, it has lower living expenses than the United States of America, making it a very popular destination among international students for the best international study programs. Australia is packed with natural wonders, unusual creatures, and some of the world's most outstanding universities. International students in Australia may expect to be immersed in a diverse range of cultures, rich traditions, and cutting-edge ideas.If you’re planning abroad studies in Australia, then you’re on the right track to success. For students thinking of pursuing study abroad dreams in Australia, have no hesitation as on top of having the best study abroad programs in the world, Australia offers higher education students the benefit of degrees that are recognized around the world, top-notch research facilities, the ability to work while studying, and more opportunities for international employment. In Australia, students are most likely to choose to pursue a degree in the arts and humanities, social sciences, law, and legal studies, as well as in engineering, technology, architecture, design, and the natural and life sciences. courses that myglobaluni has to offer.

Study Abroad Options in Australia

Australia has over 1,000 institutions and more than 20,000 courses, and the Australian Education System is divided into early childhood education (preschool) and primary education (primary schools), followed by secondary education (high schools), tertiary education (universities and Registered Training Organisations (RTOs)

Tertiary education-Higher education in Australia is also known as Tertiary education, which means formal education beyond high school, consisting of both government and private institutions and tertiary education includes both higher education (including universities) and vocational education and training (VET). The Australian Education system offers a varied number of courses such as

Higher Education- Mainstream UG and PG degree/certificate programs.
VET- Partnership programs between government and industries offered at TAFE and private institutions help students to work and learn with industry experts.
English Language Programs: Preparatory language programs are available to students looking to begin their studies in Australia.
Foundation/Pathway Programs: Pre-university courses prepare students for university education. Ensuring that students are up to the mark for studying in Australian higher education institutions.

There are 42 universities in Australia: 37 public universities, 3 private universities and 2 international private universities. In 2019, Australia had 956,773 international students, out of which 442,219 were enrolled in Higher Education, and 283,893 in vocational institutions, with the remainder, enrolled in schools, language courses, and non-award courses. Australia’s international higher education contributes $25.4 billion to the country’s economy. Australia is setting international standards for academic performance making it a great choice for students to study in Australia for international students.

Masters study in Australia

Australia is renowned for having great weather, a laid-back lifestyle, and a wide range of sporting and recreational options. But did you also know that it's the third most popular place in the globe for Master’s study? or that the calibre of the research and education offered by Australian institutions is highly regarded worldwide?

You'll get the chance to explore the things that make Australia one of the most alluring tourist destinations in the world and benefit from the distinctive educational opportunities that its universities provide as an international master's student. So why should you choose to study study abroad masters programs in Australia.Thanks to its internationally respected and renowned programmes, Masters study abroad in Australia are based on the British system, are highly regarded. Let’s have a look at some of the most popular Master’s study programmes in Australia-

Management and Commerce
Information Technology
Health
Engineering
Society and Culture
Natural and Physical Sciences

Bachelor’s study in Australia

Undergraduate study programmes in Australia provide internships or work experiences. These one-of-a-kind chances assist students in gaining practical experience and learning what to anticipate from a certain job or career path. It also sets the way for a deeper comprehension of the crucial qualities you require as a worker in the current workplace, such as theoretical knowledge, practical skills, soft skills, digital know-how, etc. Let’s have a look at some of the most popular Bachelor’s study programmes in Australia-

Anthropology and Archaeology
Classical history
Social sciences (sociology, psychology, etc)
Computer Science
Business (economics, management)
Law
Medical fields/pre-medical fields
Music and arts
Philosophy and other similar disciplines
English (Literature, etc)
Theology and Religion

Foundation Studies-

Foundation courses help international students who may not initially meet entry requirements to gain entry to undergraduate study at Australian universities and colleges. They also help students adapt to the Australian academic environment and life in Australia. Some foundation courses promise a place at university after successful completion of the course. Technical and Further Education (TAFE) institutes, universities and specialist foundation colleges all offer foundation courses to international students. Some foundation courses are taught at university (or other institution) campuses, which gives students the advantage of having access to institution facilities such as libraries and computer laboratories, as well as health and housing services, sports centres and student clubs. There are two major advantages of studying a foundation course in Australia:

Successful completion of a foundation course may guarantee entry into specific degree courses at some Australian universities. Foundation courses allow students to ‘settle in’ to the Australian education system and life in Australia before they start university or college.

Vocational Education and Training (VET)-

In Australia, vocational education and training (VET) is a study that offers students the opportunity to learn specific and practical job skills. It’s the perfect route for international students who are looking for a quicker path into the workforce and a focus on real-world and industry-based skills. VET courses cover a wide range of industries including trades/apprenticeships, retail, hospitality, technology and administration. VET courses are organised by Registered Training Organisations (RTOs), which ensures that the qualification being studied is nationally recognised. As a VET student, students can be assured of high-quality education and job training. RTOs include Technical and Further Education (TAFE) institutes (for example, TAFE SA) and private colleges (including specialised colleges such as technical colleges). Some universities may offer VET courses in addition to other higher education courses. Studying VET in Australia is beneficial because-

Hands-on experience in industry-standard training facilities.
An alternative pathway into university through partnerships or credit transfers.
Earlier entry into the workforce, as VET qualifications, often take less time to complete than a university degree.
City and regional education – there is flexibility in where you can study across the country.

English Language Programs-

Australia offers a range of English courses to suit a range of study needs. There is a range of English language testing organizations whose results are recognized in Australia and around the world. English Language Programs include-

General English
English for Academic Purposes
English for Specific Purposes (ESP)
Examination Preparation
English for Teaching

Top Ten Universities to pursue higher education from in Australia

Serial no.	University	Global Ranking [QS 2022 Rankings]
	Australian National University	27
	The University of Melbourne	37
	The University of Sydney	38
	University of New South Wales	43
	The University of Queensland	47
	Monash University	58
	The University of Western Australia	93
	The University of Adelaide	108
	University of Technology Sydney	133
	The University of Newcastle	197

Application Process to Study in Australia

Intakes- There are two intakes for admission in the universities – February and July, with some offering intakes in September and November and it takes 4 to 6 weeks to process an application so you must apply at least 6 months prior to the intake. The first step is to apply for the course you wish to study abroad in Australia. In case you are applying for courses at different universities, then you will have to submit a separate application to each university.

Entry Requirements-

English Language Requirements- Courses in Australia are prominently taught in English, which requires students to provide results of English language proficiency tests like IELTS, TOEFL, or PTE. However, the English language skills required may differ for the institution and student visa application.
Academic Requirements- Varies from one course to another.
Visa Requirements

Confirmation of Enrolment

Once you’ve completed your application, you will receive a “Letter of Offer” confirming the offer for enrollment. In return, you are required to sign and send an acceptance to the concerned institution. These contracts contain the following:

Course you have applied for
Enrolment conditions
Fees you have to pay
Refund payable, in case you do not complete your course with the concerned provider.

You will then receive an eCoE by mail once you have accepted your offer.

Post admission experience-

Visa options-

The Student Visa, Subclass 500- allows you to live, work and study in Australia for a maximum of five years in line with your course. On this visa, you are normally allowed to work a maximum of 40 hours per fortnight during term time and unlimited hours during study breaks. It costs AUD$630 per visa application.
Graduate Work stream- This visa is for international students who have recently graduated with skills and qualifications that are relevant to specific occupations Australia needs. It lets you live, study, and work in Australia temporarily. It will cost around AUD$1,680. Needs to have a qualification relevant to an occupation on the skilled occupation list
Post-Study Workstream- This visa is for international students who have recently graduated with a degree from an Australian institution. It lets you live, work and study in Australia, temporarily. You need a recent degree in a CRICOS-registered course. It will cost around AUD$1,680

Second Post-Study Workstream- This visa is for holders of a first Temporary Graduate visa in the post-study work stream who graduated with a degree from an Australian institution located in a regional area. It lets you live, work and study in Australia, temporarily. Can stay between 1 and 2 years depending on the regional location of the educational institution that you graduated from that led to the grant of your first Temporary Graduate visa in the post-study workstream and the regional area that you live in as the holder of your first Temporary Graduate visa post-study workstream. It will cost around AUD$660

FAQs

Australia is establishing benchmarks for excellence in education throughout the world. No matter which study abroad programme international students choose, they will be met with unmatched academic excellence and an excellent support system because eight of the nation's universities are among the top 100 universities in the world thanks to their top-notch education, opportunities for post-study employment, and incredible quality of life. In rankings like the Times Higher Education, QS, and Shanghai Rankings, the majority of the nation's institutions consistently achieve high global rankings. The Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF), a national policy put in place in 1995 that specifies standards of qualifications from the tertiary education sector (higher education, vocational education, and training), in addition to the school leaving certificate, is what makes the Australian educational system unique and a popular study abroad destination for international students.
Australian colleges, universities, and schools have redesigned their approaches to teaching and learning in order to encourage students' thought-provoking creativity. They are dedicated to providing students with the information and skills they need to thrive in their chosen fields. Australian universities offer education and study abroad programs that are intended to assist students in advance in the global workforce by teaching them academic knowledge and practical skills to help them flourish in a constantly changing environment. It goes without saying that candidates with Australian credentials are extremely appealing to businesses. In order to help students obtain practical industry experience while they are studying, the majority of Australian degrees and vocational programmes incorporate work experience programmes and internships.
Students who desire to pay for their own living in Australia should: International students with valid student visas are permitted to work 20 hours per week during the academic year and 40 hours per week during the vacations. After finishing their studies, students can also apply for a subclass 485 temporary graduate visa, which would allow them to stay and continue their education or employment in Australia. When you decide to study in Australia, you select a welcoming work environment and good industry experience.
To aid students in settling in and becoming accustomed to their new life in Australia, the majority of Australian universities provide a comprehensive range of student support services. There are specialised international student support centres in a number of Australian cities and towns. These centres provide information and assistance on a range of topics, including legal rights, employment skills, and chances to interact with both domestic and foreign students. The best-practice protection for the rights of overseas students studying in Australia is mandated by legislation under the Education Services for Overseas Students (ESOS ACT) framework in Australia. Additionally, according to the Australian Education Services for Overseas Students (ESOS) Act 2000, which ensures that all programmes offered to foreign students adhere to strict government rules, for overseas students, Australia offers the strictest consumer protections.
Cities in Australia have some of the lowest rates of crime in the world, and streets and public areas are open and secure. A clear legal system protects the rights of both people and tourists, and the nation is also highly hospitable and pleasant. Its ideals are based on individual liberties. Due to the fact that 30% of the population was born abroad, Australia has a diverse population with a wealth of nations and cultures from across the world. More than 500,000 foreign students from more than 192 nations will be joined by the new international students.
You can unwind on the golden beaches, travel to the national parks to see Australia's distinctive plants and animals, and explore the untamed outback thanks to the country's distinctive combination of extremely diverse geography and a long history of protecting the country's beauty and sustainability of the environment, making it a very popular destination among international students for best international study programs.
With regard to healthcare, infrastructure, government services, transportation, and educational standards, Australia has frequently been rated well on lists of the world's most livable cities. In addition, the nation is highly technologically sophisticated and has a robust, competitive economy. Australia draws many students from all over the world to pursue their higher education because of the excellent standard of living in five of its major cities, Sydney, Melbourne, Perth, Brisbane, and Adelaide, which makes it the most livable country in the world. With its top-notch infrastructure, top-notch medical facilities, a strong network of technologically updated transportation, and fairly priced housing, Australia has an unmatched overall level of living, making it a very popular destination among international students for the best international study programs.
For students thinking of pursuing study abroad dreams in Australia, have no hesitation as on top of having the best study abroad programs in the world, the Australian government spends over £200,000,000 annually on international scholarships, ensuring that even students from low-income backgrounds can benefit from a top-notch education without worrying about money arrangements. Students can choose from 22,000 courses offered at 1,100 universities and institutions, earn degrees that are recognised throughout the world, investigate different scholarship opportunities, and learn from the best professors in the world.

In Australia, students are most likely to choose to pursue a degree in the arts and humanities, social sciences, law and legal studies, engineering and technology, architecture, design, medicine, and natural and life sciences. What are the most popular courses in Australia in 2022? Here are a few. With over 22,000 courses offered in 1,100 universities and institutions, students can earn degrees that are recognised around the

Business and Management
Medicine
Accounting
Dentistry
Law
Creative Arts and Design
Education
Engineering
Environmental Science
Computer Science/IT

Best Universities for Master’s study abroad in Australia
- The University of Melbourne
- The University of Sydney
- Monash University
- UNSW Sydney
- The Australian National University
- The University of Queensland
- University of Technology Sydney
- The University of Adelaide
- The University of Western Australia
- RMIT University

In addition to having lower living expenses than the United States of America, Australia offers higher education students the benefit of degrees that are recognised around the world, top-notch research facilities, the ability to work while studying, and more opportunities for international employment. The following list includes Australia's typical living expenses and tuition costs:

Tuition Fees-

Average annual fees for undergraduate study programs range from 20,000 to 45,000.

Average postgraduate tuition ranges from 20,000 to 50,000 AUD annually.

Doctorate: 18,000 to 42,000 AUD annually.

Approximate Living Expenses-

Accommodation– 360-860 AUD.

Food & Dining– 140-280 AUD per week.

Phone and Wi-Fi– 15-30 AUD.

Gas and Electricity– 10-20 AUD.

Additional Expenses– 80-150 AUD.

Step 1- Get a CoE after applying to a school in Australia.

Before you may submit an application for an Australian student visa, you must be registered at an Australian institution. If you have received an offer letter from a school, accepted the offer in writing, and paid their tuition deposit, the school will provide you with a CoE, or confirmation of enrolment. You need these papers in order to begin the visa application process.

Step 2- Register with the Australian immigration authorities.

Most visa applications for Australia may now be submitted online. Before starting your visa application, you must create an account at https://online.immi.gov.au/lusc/register You'll need to provide your name, contact information, and email address. After that, you may select a password and accept its conditions.

Step 3- Be certain to have all necessary documentation in digital format.

The following paperwork is required in order to apply for a student visa:

Your Confirmation of Enrolment (CoE)
insurance via the OSHC.
A passport that, ideally, should be valid for the entirety of your time in Australia because it will be challenging to exchange it there while you are studying on a student visa.
Proof of a brief stay: You must attest on your application that you only want to visit Australia briefly. Attaching evidence of employment, a letter from your home institution or other supporting documentation might be used to prove this claim.
Additional documentation may be required depending on where you apply from and where you plan to study. Typical papers that you could require include-
- other identification documents, including a birth certificate
- Providing evidence, such as a bank statement, demonstrating you can afford your education
- Evidence proving you have the knowledge necessary to succeed in your chosen study, such as official grade reports and IELTS test results
- Evidence of prior employment, such as a contract of employment or pay stubs, is required.
- evidence of any criminal offences for which you have already been found guilty.
- All supporting documentation must be provided electronically if you are applying online. Therefore, it is advantageous if you can scan everything in advance or have access to a scanner while you complete the application. A competent translator should convert every document to English. If you are missing any papers, you may save your application and resume it later.

Step 4- Fill out the online visa application.

Applying for a subclass 500 student visa is advised. The application can be submitted as early as 124 days before the commencement of your course (according to the date on your CoE).

Step 5- Get a TRN number after paying the visa cost.

Following completion of the application, you must pay the 575 AUD application cost. Online credit card payment is the simplest option. You will receive a receipt with a TRN number after the application and payment have been completed (Transaction Reference Number). Make care to save your application so you can monitor its development.

Step 6- Possible medical examination and interview

You may also need to have a health exam and/or go through a visa interview, depending on where you will study and reside. If it applies to you, you will be given this information after submitting the aforementioned application. Avoid getting your health checked before submitting the application since you will need your TRN number and instructions on what to check.

Step 7- Decide on your Visa

It could take some time to receive your visa decision depending on where you are applying from and how busy the Australian immigration officers are. You may monitor the status of your application by visiting the immigration website, logging in using the account you created in step 2, and, if required, providing your TNR number. Once your visa decision is prepared, the Australian authorities will typically email you to let you know. Since your visa is electronic, if you want physical documentation, you can print the grant letter you get online when your visa is approved.

Step 8- Travel to Australia

Once you get your visa, you can travel to Australia no later than 90 days prior to the course start date listed on your Certificate of Enrollment. Within seven days of your arrival in Australia, you should let your school know where you will be staying if you haven't reserved housing via them. You typically have the freedom to remain in Australia for 30 days following the completion of your study, or 60 days if your course is longer than 10 months. All of these time restrictions should be noted on your visa, and if it contains information that differs from what we've described here, you should always abide by them.

Australia